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Gush Emunim - (Hebrew) "Bloc of belief or Bloc of loyalties." Radical right-wing religious movement formed in 1974, Affiliated with the NRP. Believes in Settlement in "Eretz Yisrael Hashlema"
Details - Gush Emunim (Bloc of the Faithful), a right-wing ultranationalist, religio-political
revitalization movement, was formed in March 1974 in the aftermath of the October 1973 War. The younger generation of
NRP leaders who constituted the party's new religious elite created Gush Emunim. Official links between Gush Emunim and
the Youth Faction of the National Religious Party were severed following the NRP's participation in the June 1974
Labor-led coalition government, but close unofficial links between the two groups continued. Gush Emunim also maintained
links to Tehiya and factions in the Herut wing of Likud.
The major activity of Gush Emunim has been to initiate Jewish settlements in the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip. From
1977 to 1984, Likud permitted the launching of a number of Jewish settlements beyond the borders of the Green Line. The
Likud regime gave Gush Emunim the active support of government departments, the army, and the WZO, which recognized it
as an official settlement movement and allocated it considerable funds for settlement activities.
A thirteen-member secretariat has governed Gush Emunim. A special conference elected nine of the group's secretaries and
co-opted the other four from the leadership ranks of its affiliated organizations. Four persons have managed the
movement's day-to-day affairs: Rabbi Moshe Levinger, a founder of Gush Emunim and the leader of the Jewish town of
Kiryat Arba, near Hebron, on the West Bank; Hanan Porat, a founder of the organization and a former Tehiya Knesset
member who later rejoined the NRP; Uri Elitzur, secretary general of Amana, Gush Emunim's settlement movement; and
Yitzhak Armoni, secretary general of Gush Emunim since September 1988. From 1984 to August 1988, American-born Daniella
Weiss served as Gush Emunim's secretary general.
Amana is Gush Emunim's settlement arm. The Council of Settlements in Judea, Samaria and Aza (Yesha Council), chaired by
Israel Harel, is the political and government organization representing the majority of Jewish settlements in the West
Bank and the Gaza Strip. The Yesha council including settlements affiliated with nonreligious parties. The Yesha
council deals primarily with practical matters, such as the utilization of land and water, relations with Israeli
military authorities and, if necessary, mobilizing political pressure on the government. Yesha has created affiliations
between Gush Emunim settlements and Labor, the NRP, and Herut's Betar youth movement. Two factors shape Yesha, a
democratically elected political organization: the right-wing and ultranationalist views of its members and its
political dependency on external bodies such as government agencies. The group has five councils in Israel proper and
six regional councils in the occupied territories.
Source - Adatped from http://countrystudies.us/israel/102.htm
Synonyms and alternate spellings:
Further Information:
Hebrew/Arabic pronunciation and transliteration conventions:
'H - ('het) a guttural sound made deep in the throat. To Western ears it may sound like the "ch" in loch. In Arabic there are several letters that have similar sounds. Examples: 'hanukah, 'hamas, 'haredi. Formerly, this sound was often represented by ch, especially in German transliterations of Hebrew. Thus, 'hanukah is often rendered as Chanuka for example.
ch - (chaf) a sound like "ch" in loch or the Russian Kh as in Khruschev or German Ach, made by putting the tongue against the roof of the mouth. In Hebrew, a chaf can never occur at the beginning of a word. At the beginning of a word, it has a dot in it and is pronounced "Kaf."
u - usually between oo as in spoon and u as in put.
a- sounded like a in arm
ah- used to represent an a sound made by the letter hey at the end of a word. It is the same sound as a. Haganah and Hagana are alternative acceptable transliterations.
'a-notation used for Hebrew and Arabic ayin, a guttural ah sound.
o - close to the French o as in homme.
th - (taf without a dot) - Th was formerly used to transliterate the Hebrew taf sound for taf without a dot. However in modern Hebrew there is no detectable difference in standard pronunciation of taf with or without a dot, and therefore Histadruth and Histadrut, Rehovoth and Rehovot are all acceptable.
q- (quf) - In transliteration of Hebrew and Arabic, it is best to consistently use the letter q for the quf, to avoid confusion with similar sounding words that might be spelled with a kaf, which should be transliterated as K. Thus, Hatiqva is preferable to Hatikva for example.
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This work and individual entries are copyright © 2005 by Ami Isseroff and Zionism and Israel Information Center and may not reproduced in any form without permission unless explicitly noted otherwise. Individual entries may be cited with credit to The Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Zionism and Israel
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