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TimeLine of Zionism, Israeli and Palestinian History and the Conflict |
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Israel Timeline: 1967 to 1992
(including previous events leading up to Six Day War)
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Sept 13, 1964 |
Arab Summit at Alexandria-
decides
on diversion of the headwaters of the Jordan as well as strengthening regional Arab armies. Arabs declare the aim of
destroying Israel. IIsrael
addressed two notes to the UN Security Council, concerning the alarming nature of the summit resolutions to destroy
Israel. |
|
| Sept. 18. 1965 | Third Arab Summit at Casablanca. Conference draws up staged plan for combating Israel, first building up armed forces of Jordan, Syria and Lebanon over 2.5-3 yrs & refraining from war with Israel; then proceeding to war. | ||
| Nov 13, 1966 | Samu' raid: Israeli troops kill 15 Jordanian soldiers and 3 civilians, & dynamite 125 houses, in an attack on the frontier village of Samu‘ near Hebron; in response to the death of 3 Israeli soldiers by a road mine. Israel is censured by SCR228 (25 Nov 66), but there is no military response by Jordan. This leads to recriminations in the Israeli government, which had intended a smaller scale raid, and Palestinian anger & clashes with Jordanian security forces throughout West Bank, especially in Nablus where the army had to intervene. The PLO gains support. | ||
| May, 1967 | Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser closes the straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping and dismisses UN peacekeeping force. Negotiations with US to reopen the Straits of Tiran fail. | ||
| May 27, 1967 | Nasser cancels a planned Egyptian attack on Israel, after it became obvious that the Israelis knew about the plan. | ||
| May 30, 1967 | Jordan signs a defense pact with Egypt, allows Egyptian command of Jordan Legion. | ||
| Jun 2, 1967 | Moshe Dayan joins Israeli cabinet as Minister of Defense. Unity gov't formed. | ||
| June 5-10,1967 | 6-day war . Following a long period of tension, Israel attacks - destroys the Egyptian air force on the ground, conquers and occupies Sinai and Gaza, then conquers the West Bank from Jordan, and Golan Heights from Syria. UN resolution 242 (November 1967) called for Israeli withdrawal, establishment of peace. | ||
| June 19, 1967 | Israeli Cabinet decides on secret offer, to be delivered to Syrians and Egyptians, calling for return of territories conquered in the Six day war in return for peace. | ||
| Aug-Sept 1967 | Khartoum Conference - Arab summit says no to peace or negotiations with Israel. | ||
| Nov 22, 1967 | UN Security Council resolution 242 (November 1967) called for Israeli withdrawal, establishment of peace | ||
| Oct 21, 1967 | Egyptian missile ship sinks the Israeli destroyer Eilath. Israel retaliates by heavy artillery bombardment of Suez refinery complex. | ||
| March 21, 1968 | Battle of Karameh - Jordanian and Palestinian forces inflicted a partial defeat on Israel troops staging a massive retaliatory raid on a Jordanian town that had served as a staging area for guerilla attacks and a base for PLO/Fatah guerillas.. The Fatah declared a great victory and retreated into the hills. The anniversary of Karameh is still celebrated as a victory by Palestinians. | ||
| Jun 1968 | Escalation along the Suez Canal. Egyptians violated the cease fire repeatedly along the Suez canal. Nasser stated as strategy that Egypt can suffer numerous casualties because of manpower reserves, while Israel cannot. | ||
| Dec 1968 | PFLP attack on El Al plane in Athens. One Israeli killed; Israel responds on Dec 28 with helicopter raid on Beirut International Airport. Commandos destroy 13 Arab planes and damage airport. SCR262 of 31Dec unanimously censures Israel, | ||
| Jan 6, 1969 | French ban on arms supplies made public by Israel. | ||
| Jan 27, 1969 | Iraqis hang 14 (9 Jews) as Israeli spies. | ||
| Feb 1-4, 1969 | Fifth Palestine National Council (PNC) in Cairo. Fatah gains formal control with Yasser Arafat declared chair of Executive Committee. PNC statement sets goal of a "secular democratic state" society for Muslims, Christians & Jews. | ||
| Feb 18, 1969 | PFLP attack El Al plane in Zurich; strong international condemnation. | ||
| Feb 20, 1969 | PFLP bomb attacks on a Jerusalem supermarket | ||
| Feb 24, 1969 | Israeli airstrike against 2 al-Fatah camps near Damascus; large no of casualties. Fatah moves to strengthen its position in Jordan; PFLP becomes more explicit in its call for the overthrow of King Hussein, seen as a Western puppet. | ||
| Feb 1969 | Internal struggles in Syrian Baa‘th party: Hafez al-Assad, defense minister, takes full control over military in Syria; civilian institutions left under the control of President Atasi. Former stressed pan-Arab cooperation, especially with Egypt; latter rejected cooperation with the conservative regimes, & controlled the Sa‘iqa fida’i organization. | ||
| Mar 11 1969 | Golda Meir becomes Prime Minister in Israel after death of Levi Eshkol. | ||
| Aug 29, 1969 | Group commanded by Leila Khalid hijacks TWA plane flying to Tel Aviv. | ||
| March 1969 | Hostilities along the Suez canal. between Israel and Egypt escalate as Soviets supply SAM-2 radar and pilots, US supplies Israel with Phantom jets and Hawk missiles. | ||
| April, 23, 1969 | War of attrition between Israel and Egypt - Nasser formally declares that he is no longer bound by the terms of the armistice. Constant artillery and air duels around the Suez canal, as well as IAF bombardment of Egyptian targets. US agreed with Israeli reports that Nasser was violating the cease fire agreement and preparing for another war. | ||
| Sept 9, 1969 | Major Israeli raid on Egypt. | ||
| Oct. 22, 1969 | Palestinian guerillas clash with Lebanese security forces. An agreement between al-Fatah and the Lebanese was concluded on Nov. 3. | ||
| Dec. 9, 1969 | US Secretary of State William Rogers outlines US proposals for an Israeli-Egyptian peace settlement (Rogers Plan), which are rejected by both sides. | ||
| Dec 21-23 | Fifth Arab summit in Rabat ends in disagreement. | ||
| July 1970 | Israel-Egypt War of attrition terminated by a cease fire, July 1970, following pressure from USA and USSR on both sides. | ||
| Sept. 1970 | "Black September"- King Hussein of Jordan moves against the increasingly menacing power of the PLO. Palestinian guerillas flee Jordan and take up residence in Lebanon. | ||
| Sept 6, 1970 | PFLP hijack Swissair, BOAC, PanAm and TWA flights and divert them to Jordan. 310 passengers are held hostage and released after governments agree to release Palestinian prisoners. In the wake of the hijackings Lufthansa reportedly paid protection money to guerilla movements, and France purchased immunity for Air France by agreeing to maintain an anti-Israel policy. | ||
| Sept 28 1970 | Nasser dies of cardiac arrest after negotiating Jordan-Palestinian truce; Anwar al-Sadat comes to power in Egypt. | ||
| May 30, 1972 | PFLP and Japanese Red Army attack at Lod Airport killed 27. | ||
| Sept 5, 1972 | Black September movement massacres Israeli Olympic team in Munich, triggering a systematic manhunt by Israelis for the assassins. | ||
| Oct. 6, 1973 | Yom Kippur War (October War) In a surprise attack on the Jewish day of atonement, Egypt retook the Suez canal and a narrow zone on the other side. Syria reconquered the Golan Heights. Following massive US and Soviet resupplying of the sides, Israel succeeded in pushing back the Syrians and threatening Damascus. Ariel Sharon crossed the Suez Canal and cut off the Egyptian Third Army. | ||
| Oct. 22, 1973 | UN Security Council Resolution 338 called for cease fire and negotiations for peace. Following the cease fire, Israel withdrew from part of Sinai in stages, beginning with relief of the Egyptian third army, and likewise withdrew from a small part of the Golan heights. | ||
| Dec - 21-29 1973 | Middle East Peace Conference convened in Geneva, with Jordan, Egypt, SU, US & Israel attending (Syria refused). First objective is the disengagement of forces. | ||
| Jan 18 1974 | Egypt-Israel Separation of Forces Agreement (Sinai I), opposed by Syria. UN Emergency Force takes up positions in the buffer zones established in Sinai; fully deployed by Mar. 3. | ||
| April 10, 1974 | Golda Meir resigns as PM of Israel following popular protest over the Yom Kippur War.Yitzhak Rabin, former Chief of Staff of IDF and ambassador to US takes her place. | ||
| April 11 1974 | Kiriat Shmona Massacre - PFLP-GC takes dozens of teenagers hostage in Qiryat Shmona, Israel, to demand the release of prisoners. IDF storms the building, but terrorists kill 19. Israeli reprisal raids on Southern Lebanon condemned by UN Security Council in SCR347 on April 24. | ||
| May 15, 1974 | Ma'alot Massacre - PLO (PDFLP) gunmen took over a school in the northern Israeli village of Ma’alot, demand release of prisoners, killing 25 and wounding many others. | ||
| May 31, 1974 |
Syria-Israel disengagement agreement over the Golan, with Syria accepting SCR 338 (& thus 242) as a basis for peace, & Israel partially withdrawing to establish a demilitarized zone, with UN Disengagement Observer Force separating parties. Israel withdrew from Quneitra on 26 June, but Syria did not rebuild or repopulate the town. |
||
| June 1974 | Twelfth Palestine National Council resolves that “the PLO will struggle by every means ... to liberate Palestinian land & establish the people’s national, independent ad fighting authority on every part of Palestinian land to be liberated." Israelis interpret this as staged liberation of Palestine. However, this was also widely portrayed later as meaning that a State in part of Palestine was acceptable to the PLO, eventually causing PFLP (George Habash) to leave the PLO on Sept. 26, forming the "refusal front." PFLP rejoined the PLO in 1980. | ||
| Oct 29, 1974 | Rabat Summit - Arab League summit in Rabat declares that the PLO is the only legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. This makes it more difficult for Israel to conclude a peace treaty with Jordan on the basis of return of the West Bank. Hussein declares that he is no longer empowered to act for the Palestinians, and prevents possibility of negotiation with local Palestinians. | ||
| Nov 13 1974 | Yasser Arafat speaks at UN General Assembly debate on Palestine, on invitation of Oct 14 (GAR3210; vote: 105-4), with his pistol showing. UNGA recognizes Palestinians’ right to sovereignty (GAR3236) and grants PLO observer status (GAR3237; 22Nov). | ||
| November 1975 | UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 equates Zionism with racism. Harold H. Saunders tells house subcommittee that the Palestinian problem is in many ways the heart of the conflict, and that the US must seek partners who will recognize the relevant UN resolutions and engage them in dialog for peace. | ||
| June-July 1976 | Palestinians hijacked an Air-France Air bus to Entebbe in Uganda. IDF commando units landed in Uganda, storm the plane and free most of the hostages. | ||
| Aug 13, 1976 | Lebanese militias massacre over 2000 Palestinians in the Tel Al-Zaatar refugee camp, apparently with participation of Syrian troops. According to journalist Robert Fisk, the attack began when Yasser Arafat asked that the camps be considered a non-combat zone, and then ordered Fatah gunmen to open fire on Christian militia. Palestinians retaliated with a massacre of Christians in Damour. | ||
| June 20, 1977 | Likud party and Begin government took office in Israel. Israeli settlement of the West Bank and Gaza was intensified following the rise of the Likud to power. | ||
| Nov. 20, 1977 | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat came to Jerusalem, spoke in Israeli Knesset (Parliament). | ||
| Mar. 15, 1978 | Israel invaded Lebanon (operation Litani) after the PLO hijacked a bus on the main Tel-Aviv to Haifa highway. UN resolution 425 of March 19, 1978 called for withdrawal of Israeli forces. Israel did not fulfill the terms of Resolution 425 until May 2000. | ||
| Sept. 17, 1978 | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli PM Menachem Begin, meeting at Camp David under the auspices of US President Jimmy Carter, sign framework agreements for peace in the Middle East and peace between Egypt and Israel. | ||
| Mar 26, 1979 | Peace treaty signed between Egypt and Israel. | ||
| June 7, 1981 | Israel destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor in daring raid. | ||
| Oct. 6, 1981 | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is assassinated while on the reviewing stand of a victory parade. | ||
| April 29, 1982 | Israel completes return of Sinai to Egypt under the peace agreement, including Yamit settlement. | ||
| June 3, 1982 | Attempted assassination of Israeli Ambassador Shlomo Argov in London apparently by Abu Nidal faction, backed by Iraq. Large scale bombings by Israel in Lebanon especially on W.Beirut (4Jun). PLO send First rockets at towns in N Israel since Jul 81. | ||
| June 6, 1982 | Massive Israeli invasion of Lebanon to fight PLO. . UN Security Council Resolution 509 demands that Israel withdraw all its military forces forthwith, but Israel advances rapidly to Beirut, surrounding the capital by 13 Jun. Israeli cabinet is split on the sudden expansion of the war, beyond the 40 KM limit originally declared by Sharon. | ||
| June 9, 1982 | Syrian Soviet SAM radar destroyed by Israel, Israeli-Syrian armor engagements. | ||
| Summer, 1982 | Foundation of the Lebanese Shi’ite Hizbulla Islamist terror group. | ||
| Aug. 22, 1982 | PLO evacuation of Beirut. About 14,000 leave. PLO headquarters in Tunis. Evacuation complete Sept 1. | ||
| Aug 23, 1982 | Bashir Jemayeel made President of Lebanon. | ||
| Sept. 14, 1982 | Lebanese President-elect Bashir Gemayeel assassinated, by explosion of a bomb operated by Habib Tanious Shartouni, apparently an agent of Syrian intelligence. Amin Gemayeel, his brother was elected instead, Sept 21. | ||
| Sept. 15, 1982 | Israeli invasion of West Beirut | ||
| Sept. 16-17, 1982 | Lebanese Christian Phalange units under Elie Hobeika, allowed by Israeli forces to enter the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatilla, massacre between 400 and 800 Palestinian civilians. Israel Gen. Yaron and others overheard incriminating conversations between Phalange officers but no action was taken by Israel to stop the massacre. | ||
| 24 Sept, 1982 | Peace Now movement holds record demonstration in Israel (~300,000), demanding end to war, commission of inquiry for Sabra and Shatilla | ||
| Nov 11, 1982 | Israeli military headquarters in Tyre destroyed in an explosion, killing 75 Israelis and 16 of their prisoners. | ||
| Feb 8, 1983 | Israeli Kahan commission found Ariel Sharon and others indirectly responsible for allowing the massacre in Sabra and Shatilla. | ||
| April 18, 1983 | Hizbulla suicide bomber destroyed the American Embassy in Beirut, killing over 60 people. | ||
| May 17, 1983 | Israel and Lebanon conclude an abortive non-belligerency agreement. | ||
| Sept.3, 1983 | Israel began partial withdrawal from Lebanon. | ||
| Oct. 23, 1983 | Hizbulla suicide bomber destroyed the US Marine compound in Beirut, killing 241. | ||
| Sept. 20, 1984 | Hizbulla suicide bomber destroyed the rebuilt American Embassy in Beirut, killing 25. | ||
| June 1985 | Israel unity government, headed by Shimon Peres, orders withdrawal from most of conquered Lebanese territory. | ||
| Nov. 1985 | Jonathan Pollard arrested by US authorities for spying for Israel. He was ultimately sentenced to life imprisonment. | ||
| Dec 8, 1987 | First Intifadeh - Stone-throwing Palestinian teens led by local groups took on the Israeli occupation, attacking Israeli soldiers relentlessly. The triggering incident may have been the death of four Palestinian workers in a road accident with an Israeli vehicle. | ||
| Jan. 1988 | Foundation of the Hamas. Hamas published their Charter in August 1988, based on the forged Protocols of the Elders of Zion, and advocating destruction of Israel. | ||
| Nov. 15, 1988 | Palestine National Council of the PLO declare a Palestinian state in absentia - See Palestinian Declaration of Independence | ||
| May 14, 1989 | Israeli Peace Plan of May 14, 1989, calls for a negotiating process with the Palestinians very similar to the one actually implemented by the Oslo accords. | ||
| Oct 30, 1991 | Madrid Peace Conference for peaceful resolution of the Middle East Conflict. | ||
| June 23, 1992 | Labor party leader and former General Yitzhak Rabin, elected Prime Minister of Israel |
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